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Karate
Terminology
If a karateka learns the Japanese karate terminology, she/he will
be able to enter any karate dojo in the world and able to understand and
workout. Many Japanese letters sound the same as they do in English, but
some letters are pronounced or written differently.
To learn the Japanese sounds of these letters, study the following
chart. JAPANESE
SOUND ENGLISH SOUND EXAMPLE ai i Shotokai
(as in eye) (show-toe-keye) e eh hajime
(as in let) (haw-gee-meh) ei ay Sensei (as
in day) (sehn-say) i ee Obi (oh-bee) o oh Dojo (doh-joh) oi oy kiiroi (key-roy) (as in boy)
u oo uchi (oo-chee)
In
Japanese, the letter “r” is never emphasized.
It is pronounced like a soft “d”.
The letter “g” is always pronounced like the “g” in go. GENERAL TERMS Karate
Do: The Way of Karate Karateka:
Practitioner of Karate Dojo:
School or training room Sensei:
Teacher Sempai:
Senior Kohai:
Junior Renshi:
Entry Level Master Shihan:
Master Instructor Kyoshi: Master Instructor Hanshi: Master of Masters Kyu:
Rank Gi:
Uniform Obi:
Belt Hai:
Yes Iie:
No Osu:
"I understand and will try my best." Also
used to show respect, enthusiasm. Do
not use outside of the dojo! Do:
Way Budo:
Way of combat Zanshin:
Poise and control Kime:
Focus Kihon:
Fundamentals/Basics Kiai:
Spirit shout/focus of spiritual
energy Kata:
Practice form Embusen:
Floor pattern/lines of a kata Maai:
Distance
Bunkai:
Application (interpretation) of kata
techniques Kumite:
Sparring/fighting Ippon
kumite: One-step sparring Yakusoku
kumite: "Promise"
premeditated sparring Gohon kumite: Five-step sparring Jiyyu
kumite: Free sparring Waza:
Technique Dachi:
Stance Tsuki
(Zuki): Punch Uchi:
Strike Uke:
Block Rei:
Bow Waza:
Technique Geri:
Kick Ashi-barai:
Foot sweep Kamae:
Posture Yori-ashi:
Sliding the feet Tai-sabaki:
Body shifting Shotokan:
"House of Shoto”; “Pine
Sea”; pen name of Funakoshi. Mokuso:
Meditate/Gather Your Thoughts Dozo:
Please Domo
Arigato Gozaimashita: "Thank-you
very much" Onegai
Shimasu: "I welcome you to train
with me" Literally:
" I make a request." Said to one's partner when initiating
practice. MAJOR CONCEPTS Zanshin:
Awareness; Continuing mind/heart -
connotes "following through" a technique
while maintaining awareness Sen:
Initiative
Sen
no sen: Seizing the initiative
earlier; attacking at the same moment your opponent
attacks. Go
no sen: Seizing the initiative later;
Allowing your opponent to attack first so as
to open up target for counter-attacks. Sen
sen no sen: Seizing the opponent’s
sen no sen; Attacking before your opponent
attacks-a preemptive attack. Ikken
Hissatsu: "To kill with one
blow" Karate
ni sente nashi: Karate does not
include the first move. Karate
wa sente nari: Karate is the first
move. Shorin
(kata): Quick movement, emphasizing
speed Shorei
(kata): Slow, strong movement,
emphasizing strength Sun-dome: Stopping a technique just
prior to contact (three centimeters) COMMANDS Narande: Line up Seiretsu:
Line up by rank Yoi:
Ready Yame:
Stop Yasume:
Relax (or ready position) Sensei
ni: Face towards the teacher
Otaigai
ni: Face towards each other
Shomen ni: Face towards the front Rei: Bow Seiza: Meditation position-kneeling
Age-te: Hands up (cover position) Mawatte: Turn around Hajime: Begin Naore: Return to Shizen-tai
DIRECTIONS Mae: Front Yoko: Side Ushiro: Back Tate: Vertical Mawashi: Round Jodan: Head high level Chudan: Mid-high level Gedan: Low level; Down Migi: Right Hidari: Left Tobi: Jump Gyaku: Reverse Age: Rising Uchi: Inner Soto: Outer Otoshi: Dropping Sokumen: Side DACHI WAZA (STANCES) Heisoku
dachi: Formal Attention Stance (Yoi) Zenkutsu
dachi: Front Stance Kokutsu
dachi: Back Stance Kiba
dachi: Straddle Stance Fudo
dachi: Fighting Stance Musubi
dachi: Informal Attention Stance
(feet in a 'V") Hachiji
dachi: Open-legged Stance (Yoi) Shizen-tai
dachi: Natural Stance Neko-ashi
dachi:Cat Stance Renoji
dachi: "L" Stance
Kosa
dachi: Cross-legged Stance
Hangetsu
dachi: Wide Hour-glass Stance Migi
Ashi Orishiku: Right Leg Kneeling Hidari
Ashi Orishiku: Left Leg Kneeling UKE WAZA (BLOCKS) Age uke: Rising block Gedan uke: Down block Soto ude uke: Outside forearm block Uchi ude uke: Inside forearm block Shuto uke: Knife block Morote uke: Augmented block Kakiwaki uke: Reverse wedge block (Heian
4) Juji uke: X block Kosa uke: Cross block (Uchi/gedan
uke-Heian 3) Manji uke: Hi/low block (Heian 5) Tate shuto uke: Vertical knife-hand
block (Heian 3) Haishu uke: Back-hand block (Heian
5) Empi uke (or Hiji uke): Elbow block
(Heian 3) Osae uke: Pressing block (Heian 2,
3) Otoshi uke: Dropping or falling
block (Heian 2, 3) Nagashi Uke: Sweeping block (Tekki,
Jion) Haiwan Nagashi Uke: Sweeping
back-arm block Te Nagashi Uke: Sweeping hand block
(parry) (Heian 5) Sukui Uke: Scooping block (Bassai,
Chinte) Sokumen Awase Uke: Side combined
block (Bassai-Dai) Tsukami
Uke: Grasping block (Bassai-Dai, Jion) Awase Shuto Age Uke: Combined rising
knife-hand block (Kanku-Dai) Ryowan Uchi Uke: Double inside
block( Jion, Bassai-Sho) Seiryuto
Uke: Ox-Jaw block GERI WAZA (KICKS) Mae geri keage: Front snap kick Mae geri kekomi: Front thrust kick Yoko geri keage: Side snap kick Yoko geri kekomi: Side thrust kick Mawashi geri: Round kick Ushiro geri: Back thrust kick Fumikomi geri: Stomping kick (Heian
3, 5) Uchi mikazuki geri: Inside crescent
kick Soto mikazuki geri: Outside crescent
kick Tobi geri: Flying kick Name ashi geri: Returning wave kick
(Tekki 1) Hiza geri: Knee kick/strike
Nidan geri: Double kick (Kanku-Dai) TSUKI WAZA (PUNCHES) Gyaku
tsuki: Reverse punch Kizami
tsuki: Jab Choku tsuki: Straight punch Kagi tsuki: Hook punch Oi-gyaku tsuki: Lunging reverse
punch Ura tsuki: Close punch Morote tsuki: Parallel punch Ren tsuki: Double punch San tsuki: Triple punch Age tsuki: Rising punch Gedan tsuki: Downward punch Yama tsuki: Wide "U" punch
Awase tsuki: "U" punch Otoshi tsuki: Dropping punch (Empi) Ippon Ken tsuki: One-knuckle fist
punch (Hangetsu) UCHI WAZA (Strikes) Tettsui Hammer-fist strike Kumade
Uchi: Bear Claw Strike Uraken
Uchi: Backfist Strike Hiraken Uchi: Foreknuckle Strike Teisho Uchi: Palm Heel Strike Ippon
Nukite Uchi: Single Finger Strike Nihon Nukite Uchi: Two Finger Strike
(Fork) Shuto Uchi: Knife Hand Strike Soto Shuto Uchi: Outside Knife Hand
Strike Uchi Shuto Uchi: Inside Knife Hand
Strike Shihon
Nukite Uchi: Spear Hand Strike Gyaku Haito Uchi:Reverse Backfist
Strike Haito Uchi: Backfist Strike Empi Uchi: Elbow Strike Mawashi Empi Uchi: Round Elbow
Strike Mae Empi Uchi: Front Elbow Strike Otoshi Empi Uchi: Downward Elbow
Strike Ushiro Empi Uchi: Back Elbow Strike Yoko Empi Uchi: Side Elbow Strike Yoko Mawashi Empi Uchi: Side
Roundhouse Elbow Strike Tate Empi Uchi: Upward Elbow Strike Hiza Age Ate: Rising Knee Strike Washide Uchi: Eagle Beak Strike Koko Uchi: Tiger Mouth Strike Haishu Uchi: Back Hand Strike KATA (Isshin-Ryu Forms) Empty Hands Seisan Sieuchin Niahanchin Wansu Chinto KuSan Ku Suansu Sanchin
Weapons
BODY PARTS Ken: Fist Ippon Ken: Single-point index-finger
Fist Tate Ken: Vertical Fist Te: Hand Kaishu: Open hand Tekubi: Wrist Teisho: Palm heel Ude: Forearm Empi (also Hiji): Elbow Ashi: Leg Ashikubi: Ankle Hiza (also Hitsui): Knee Ensho: Back of the heel Heisoku: Top (instep) of the foot Teisoku: Bottom of the foot Kakato: Heel of the foot Koshi: Ball of the foot Sokuto: Outer edge (knife) of the
foot Tsumasaki: Toe tips Atama: Head Wan: Arm Naiwan: Back of Arm Kata: Shoulder Jiku Ashi: Pivot leg Jodan: Head level
Chudan: Mid-level Gedan: Lower level COUNTING Ni:
Two San:
Three Shi:
Four Go:
Five Roku:
Six Shichi:
Seven Hachi:
Eight Ku:
Nine Ju:
Ten NiJu:
Twenty NiJu-Go:
Twenty-five Hyaku:
One Hundred Ippon:
First Yon:
Fourth Gohon: Fifth COLORS Shiro:
White Ki:
Yellow Aoi:
Blue Midori:
Green Murasaki:
Purple Cha:
Brown Kuro:
Black Aka: Red WEAPONS (Kobujutsu Training) Bo:
Long staff Jo: Short staff Sai:
forked knife (Jitte) Nunchaku:
Thrasher (two sticks joined by a chain) Kama: Sickles Tonfa:
Batons Shinai: Bamboo sword Bokken: Wooden sword |